Shamrocks are full of surprises: 10 Neat Things
Shamrocks are more than just a symbol of St. Patrick’s Day—they have a fascinating history and unique characteristics that make them stand out in gardens and folklore. Whether growing wild in Canadian lawns or gracing tabletops as a decorative plant, the shamrock has deep cultural roots and some surprising botanical traits. Here are 10 neat things about shamrocks from a Canadian gardener’s perspective.
1. Not just one plant.
There isn’t one single species called a shamrock. In gardening, the term is most commonly applied to species in the oxalis genus, such as Oxalis triangularis (purple shamrock) and Oxalis regnellii (green shamrock). In nature, white clover (Trifolium repens) is often considered the true shamrock, as it matches historical descriptions and grows abundantly in Canada.
2. They sleep at night.
Shamrock plants, especially Oxalis triangularis, have a fascinating trait called nyctinasty, meaning they open their leaves during the day and fold them at night. This rhythmic movement adds to their charm as houseplants and is thought to help protect against temperature fluctuations and excess moisture loss.
3. The shamrock is a symbol of Ireland.
The shamrock has been associated with Ireland for centuries, largely because of Saint Patrick, who, according to legend, used the three-leafed plant to explain the concept of the Holy Trinity. Over time, the shamrock became a national symbol, representing Irish heritage and pride. Today, it appears in everything from official emblems to tourism promotions, reinforcing its strong connection to Irish identity.
4. It’s on the flag of Montreal.
Montreal’s flag features four floral emblems representing the city’s founding peoples: the fleur-de-lis for the French, the rose for the English, the thistle for the Scots, and the shamrock for the Irish. Irish immigrants played a significant role in Montreal’s early development, particularly in large infrastructure projects. The inclusion of the shamrock on the flag pays tribute to their contributions and enduring cultural influence in the city.
5. Easy to grow indoors.
Shamrocks make fantastic houseplants. They prefer bright, indirect light and well-drained soil. With proper care, they produce small, delicate flowers in shades of pink, white, or yellow. Just be aware that many species, like Oxalis triangularis, go dormant for a few weeks every year—this is normal, and the plant will regrow with time.
6. Ideal for St. Patrick’s Day gifts.
Nurseries and grocery stores often sell shamrock plants in early March to celebrate St. Patrick’s Day. These potted oxalis species are popular seasonal decorations, but with the right care, they can live for years as long-term houseplants.
7. Edible but in moderation.
Many shamrock-like plants, including oxalis species, have a tart, lemony flavour due to their oxalic acid content. While their leaves and flowers can be used sparingly in salads or as garnishes, too much oxalic acid can interfere with calcium absorption, so they should be eaten in moderation.
8. Perennial in warmer zones.
White clover (Trifolium repens) is hardy across Canada, often found in lawns and meadows. However, most shamrock plants sold in stores, particularly oxalis species, are not winterhardy in most of the country. In the mildest regions, such as coastal British Columbia, some types may survive outdoors year-round.
9. A Canadian automotive first.
In 1893, the Mimna brothers from Wardsville, Ontario, built one of Canada’s earliest automobiles, naming it the Shamrock. Although not widely known, this vehicle represents an early Canadian innovation in automotive history. (Read more about this tidbit here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1893_Shamrock)
10. Lucky charm.
The traditional three-leafed shamrock is associated with luck, and a four-leafed version is even luckier! While finding a natural four-leaf clover is rare, some oxalis species, like Oxalis deppei (iron cross), naturally produce four-leafed forms, making them a favourite for those seeking a bit of extra fortune.
