Plant seeds or buy plants?

For the past decade, gardeners have been under the spell of big growers about planting your favourite seeds, many from the United States, but not a few from Canada, who have been producing ever more fantastic annuals and ever-blooming perennials.

In pursuit of these lovelies, the vegetable garden has been overlooked in favour of overflowing containers of these exotic plants that are sold already growing and guaranteed to produce a profusion of stunning blooms.

Now a new generation of gardeners is emerging and this group of thirty- and even twenty-somethings have their eyes on much more: the thrill of growing their own plants from seed and, particularly, the thrill of growing edibles.

Many budding gardeners believe that you have to start your favourite plants indoors and they faithfully start their seed early. This can be discouraging for some would-be gardeners who are busy with work and kids. Don’t despair. You can plant many vegetables (and flowers, too, for that matter) straight into the soil as soon as the danger of frost has passed and once the soil is warm enough to germinate the seeds.

Flower seeds

As well, many edibles and flowers can be planted throughout the summer to prolong the harvest and the blooms. Annuals such as cosmos, bachelor buttons, schizanthus, sweet alyssum, love-in-a-mist all germinate quickly and can be sown for a second fresh blooming in mid summer. These plants can also be sown in fall to get the earliest colour next spring. Hardy perennial seeds can also be sown directly into the ground, although some may take more than the first year to flower.

Spring flowering bulbs, and this includes garlic, tulips and daffodils as well as many others, should be planted in the fall once frost as fallen. Summer flowering bulbs such as dahlia and gladiola need to be planted in springtime as they are not hardy enough to overwinter in the soil in most parts of this province.

Vegetables

Early maturing vegetables should be sown again in mid summer for a fall harvest. Among these are salad greens such as lettuce. Herbs such as basil and cilantro are ready for harvest in about four weeks, so plant several crops a couple of weeks apart to ensure a continual harvest of the best tasting leaves.

Cold weather crops include kale, lettuce, peas, potatoes, spinach and Swiss chard.

Leafy vegetables such as Swiss chard and mustard greens taste better when harvested for their young leaves. Harvest outer leaves of chard when they are four to eight inches tall. Most varieties produce between 22 and 26 leaves. You can continue this harvest as new leaves emerge and grow. Harvest kale right after the first frost for the best flavour.

Peas can be planted when the soil is still quite cool, but not cold. They take about two months to mature so if you want to plant a second crop, do so in late June or early July to harvest before the first frost.

Beans should be planted when the soil reaches about 15 degrees C. You can continue to sow until early July for a continual harvest. Pick beans often to ensure that the plant will continue to produce.

One way to speed germination of vegetables and flowers that require a warmer soil temperature is to cover the soil with black plastic. There is also a specialty product that allows infrared rays to pass through to warm the soil but will not let in visible light. This product deters weeds. Melon, eggplant, corn, pepper, squash and pepper seeds will benefit from this.

Cabbages on the other hand like cool weather when they mature and can be sown as late as July. Root vegetables such as carrots and potatoes grow best when the weather is cool in spring and again in fall. Sow carrots directly in the soil from mid-April on when the soil temperature reaches 12.7 C. Potatoes can be put in when you plant peas and the soil temperature is about 7.2 C.

To learn exactly how to plant your seeds, you should rely on the information written on the seed packet by your seed supplier. Their instructions will be specific to the variety you are planning to grow.